Comparative Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cultivars of Catharanthus roseus L. {G.} Don on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans

Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties

Abstract

Medicinal plants have served as sources of medicine to treat and suppress the diseases, because many pathogens are gaining resistance to the current synthetic drugs. In addition, high cost and adverse side effects are commonly associated with popular Synthetic drugs. Therefore, there is need for continuous search for new drugs in order to overcome this emerging resistance. Plants synthesize bioactive compounds which are of great potential in agriculture, antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each plant species depends on the environmental conditions, age of the plant, relative humidity of harvested materials and method of extraction. Little is known on the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus ethanol extracts. The leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars were investigated for their phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya. Plant Leaves were collected around Maseno University. Leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were air-dried in the shade, thereafter crushed into powder and ethanol extraction done using the Rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic microorganisms was Candida albicans and Escherichia coli.  Disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial tests. concentrations of ethanol leaf extracts consisted of 2.5, 5and 7.5 mg/mL with three replications.  Data on growth inhibition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols except steroids and glycosides. The ethanol leaf extracts were active against Candida albicans and and Escherichia coli. Alba leaves extracts showed higher inhibitory zones compared to Rosea leaves. The observed differences in antimicrobial activity could be due to differences in cell wall synthesis, structure and composition. The results of present study further confirm the use of these plants traditionally for the treatment of different ailments.