Socio-Demographic Distribution of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Sources and their Comparative Control with White and Red Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Calyces

Abstract

Background: Increasing resistance of bacterial infections to current treatment threatens to derail progress made to reduce the global burden of diseases. However, there is insufficient research on effective ways to target information or provision of alternative method of mitigating multidrug resistance that could increase public knowledge toward improvement of antibiotics stewardship. Identification, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and antimicrobial activity was determine using standard microbiological method.
Results: Among the 50 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples, 38% and 62% were recovered from male and female patients respectively. largest proportions were from age-group 21-30 years (47.5%). Urine had the Highest number of occurrence of S. aureus 16 (32%). The isolates showed high resistance to Cefoxiitin (FOX), Ceftazidime (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Cefolaxime (100%), Cloxacillin (100%), gentamicin (12%) and erythromycin (36.8%). White and red calyces contain the same type of phytochemicals except Tannin which was absent in the red calyces. the Red calyces (73.45) contain higher phenol than White calyces (38.60). White calyces (163.05) contain higher amount of Flavonoids than in Red calyces (98.30). DDPH% Inhibition observed in red calyces (76.50) was higher than white calyces (45.33). NO% Inhibition has higher value in the white calyces (162.13) than red calyces (148.35). Both white and red calyces conatin equal Tbars (0.136). % Iron chelation observed in white calyces (125.49) was higher than in the red calyces (110.43). Red calyces contain higher amount of Vitamin-C than in the white calyces. Red Hibiscus sabdariffa extract shows greater inhibitory property against isolates than the white Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts. Although, they showed less inhibitory potential on the studied isolates in comparison with commercial antibiotics.
Conclusions: To prevent further emergence and spread of MDR Staphylococcus aureus, rational use of antibiotics and regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns are made easily through social demographic investigation of the affected population.