A comprehensive review on the study of wines and their clinical effect on human health

Abstract

In recent years, the world of wine has transcended its mere existence as a beverage, transforming into a veritable cornerstone of the global economy. It has, unequivocally, solidified its position as a pivotal player within the industry, and this ascent can be attributed to the enigmatic and multifaceted characteristics it embodies, primarily its unique aroma and flavor profiles that have captivated palates worldwide. Within the enchanting realm of viticulture and oenology, it has been revealed through recent studies that there exists a staggering array of over 10,000 distinct wine grape varieties across the globe, each with its distinctive attributes and potential for crafting exceptional wines. Among the myriad factors that influence the delicate art of winemaking, the process of bottling stands as a critical juncture, a pivotal moment that wields immense power over the ultimate quality, stability, and aging potential of a wine. Due to its polyphenolic components, moderate wine consumption, particularly red wine, can offer a range of health benefits. It has the potential to reduce the likelihood of various cancers, and improve lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular well-being. Nevertheless, excessive alcohol intake, even in the form of wine, can lead to adverse health consequences, including an increased cancer risk and other alcohol-related problems. Individuals should practice moderation when consuming wine, considering both its positive and negative aspects and their individual health circumstances. "This comprehensive review paper endeavours to illuminate the profound significance of wine-making in the modern era with the pros and cons of consuming wine.